EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE MEMBRANES.
The components which first suffer from alcohol are those expansions of the body which the anatomists call the membranes. “The skin may be a membranous envelope. Through the entire of the alimentary surface, from the lips downward, and thru the bronchial passages to their minutest ramifications, extends the mucous membrane. The lungs, the guts, the liver, the kidneys are folded in delicate membranes, that will be stripped simply from these parts. If you’re taking a little of bone, you will notice it easy to strip off from it a membranous sheath or covering; if you examine a joint, you may realize both the top and also the socket lined with membranes. The entire of the intestines are enveloped in a very fine membrane referred to as peritoneum . All the muscles are enveloped in membranes, and also the fasciculi, or bundles and fibres of muscles, have their membranous sheathing. The brain and spinal cord are enveloped in 3 membranes; one nearest to themselves, a pure vascular structure, a network of blood-vessels; another, a thin serous structure; a third, a strong fibrous structure. The eyeball may be a structure of colloidal humors and membranes, and of nothing else. To complete the outline, the minute structures of the very important organs are enrolled in membranous matter.”
These membranes are the filters of the body. “In their absence there could be no building of structure, no solidification of tissue, nor organic mechanism. Passive themselves, they, nevertheless, separate all structures into their respective positions and adaptations.”
Membranous deteriorations.
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So as to make perfectly clear to your mind the action and use of those membranous expansions, and also the means in which alcohol deteriorates them, and obstructs their work, we tend to quote again from Dr. Richardson:
“The animal receives from the vegetable world and from the planet the food and drinks it requires for its sustenance and motion. It receives colloidal food for its muscles: combustible food for its motion; water for the answer of its varied elements; salt for constructive and alternative physical purposes. These have all to be organized within the body; and they are organized by means of the membranous envelopes. Through these membranes nothing can pass that’s not, for the time, during a state of aqueous answer, like water or soluble salts. Water passes freely through them, salts pass freely through them, but the constructive matter of the active parts that is colloidal does not pass; it’s retained in them till it’s chemically decomposed into the soluble type of matter. After we take for our food some of animal flesh, it’s first resolved, in digestion, into a soluble fluid before it will be absorbed; in the blood it is resolved into the fluid colloidal condition; within the solids it’s laid down within the membranes into new structure, and when it has played its part, it is digested again, if I could therefore say, into a crystalloidal soluble substance, ready to be frantic and replaced by addition of latest matter, then it’s dialysed or more responsible, the membranes into the blood, and is disposed of in the excretions.
“See, then, what an all-vital half these membranous structures play within the animal life. Upon their integrity all the silent work of the building up of the body depends. If these membranes are rendered too porous, and released the colloidal fluids of the blood the albumen, for example the body thus circumstanced, dies; dies as if it were slowly bled to death. If, quite the opposite, they become condensed or thickened, or loaded with foreign material, then they fail to permit the natural fluids to submit to them. They fail to dialyse, and the result’s, either an accumulation of the fluid in a very closed cavity, or contraction of the substance inclosed within the membrane, or dryness of membrane in surfaces that must be freely lubricated and kept apart. In previous age we see the results of modification of membrane naturally induced; we tend to see the fixed joint, the shrunken and feeble muscle, the dimmed eye, the deaf ear, the enfeebled nervous function.
“It could possibly appear, at first sight, that I am leading immediately aloof from the subject of the secondary action of alcohol. It’s not so. I’m leading directly to it. Upon all these membranous structures alcohol exerts an immediate perversion of action. It produces in them a thickening, a shrinking and an inactivity that reduces their useful power. That they’ll work rapidly and equally, they need to be the least bit times charged with water to saturation. If, into contact with them, any agent is brought that deprives them of water, then is their work interfered with; they stop to separate the saline constituents properly; and, if the evil that’s therefore started, be allowed to continue, they contract upon their contained matter in no matter organ it could be situated, and condense it.
“In short, underneath the prolonged influence of alcohol those changes which occur from it in the blood corpuscles, extend to the opposite organic components, involving them in structural deteriorations, which are always dangerous, and are often ultimately fatal.”
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